江戸時代の儒学者伊藤仁斎の倫理思想は、主として朱子学に対する批判的な検討に基づく経書注釈によって形成されていった。本研究では、特に仁斎による『孟子』注釈、すなわち『孟子古義』に焦点を当て、仁斎自身がその成立に関わったと考えられる四種類の稿本に基づいてその成立過程を辿りながら、仁斎倫理思想の中核となる「性」論(性善論)、「天命」論、「王道」論が、朱子学をどのような観点から批判し形作られていったかを明らかにするとともに、併せて未だ刊行されていない『孟子古義』の仁斎生前における最終形態の確定を行った。
Jinsai Ito, a Confusian scholar in Edo era, formed his ethical view by commenting classic Confucian writings. The commentaries were based on his critical examination on Cheng-Zhu school. In particular, my resaerch focused on Jinsai's commentaries on the Discourses of Mencius, namely "Moushi-Kogi". and traced how it was shaped by examining four manuscripts in which Jinsai himself engaged. Through this research, I clarified how the core of Jinsai's ethical view (the theories of human nature, providence, and righteous government) criticized Cheng-Zhu school and how it was established. Finally, I identified the final unpublished form of "Moushi-Kogi" written during Jinsai's lifetime.